The landholding system in hill areas of northeast India has remained a complex issue for decades. It is accepted phenomenon that hill tribes are yet to receive legal entitlement over land in many areas since they have been cultivating for decades under the communal ownership of the land. In this context this paper analyzed the concept of the land and inheritance of property right in Karbi society while exploring the various concepts and issues involved in landholding system. The Karbi tribe is one of the major ethnic groups in northeast India, especially in the hill areas of Assam. According to the customary law of Karbis, land was viewed as communal property and managed by the community through various sets of customary rules over generations.